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【redis源码实现原理】【ik23源码】【低买高卖源码】compareandswapint 源码

时间:2024-11-23 10:37:03 分类:休闲

1.大白话讲讲 Go 语言的 sync.Map(二)
2.线程池执行过程中遇到异常会发生什么?怎样处理?
3.编程「锁」事|详解乐观锁 CAS 的技术原理

compareandswapint 源码

大白话讲讲 Go 语言的 sync.Map(二)

       Go 语言的 sync.Map机制通过entry数据结构解决了标准库map的线程安全问题。当需要删除key,比如李四销户,旧数据可能标记为expunged,entry.p可能指向真实数据、nil或已删除状态。redis源码实现原理sync.Map实际上有两个账本:readOnly和dirty,用于同步数据状态,避免数据不一致。readOnly账本的amended标记用于标记脏账本中未同步到readOnly的key。

       查找过程通过amended字段加速,如果两个账本数据一致,ik23源码就无需进一步操作。sync.Map的写入是通过CAS(Compare and Swap)实现的,如加法函数中的atomic.CompareAndSwapInt操作。这个操作在src/runtime/internal/atomic/asm_amd.s中详细定义,包括使用LOCK指令锁定总线,确保内存独占访问,以及CMPXCHGL指令进行比较和交换。

       删除数据逻辑同样复杂,涉及隐含的逻辑关系。写入逻辑是整个sync.Map的核心,而遍历则相对简单。低买高卖源码本文详细讲解了sync.Map的工作原理,尽管篇幅较长,但确保了内容的全面性和深度。文章由博主于--发布,原文链接可参考imlht.com。

线程池执行过程中遇到异常会发生什么?怎样处理?

       线程遇到未处理的异常就结束了

       这个好理解,当线程出现未捕获异常的时候就执行不下去了,留给它的就是垃圾回收了。

线程池中线程频繁出现未捕获异常

       当线程池中线程频繁出现未捕获的异常,那线程的复用率就大大降低了,需要不断地创建新线程。sql执行系统源码

       做个实验:

publicclassThreadExecutor{ privateThreadPoolExecutorthreadPoolExecutor=newThreadPoolExecutor(1,1,,TimeUnit.SECONDS,newArrayBlockingQueue<>(),newThreadFactoryBuilder().setNameFormat("customThread%d").build());@Testpublicvoidtest(){ IntStream.rangeClosed(1,5).forEach(i->{ try{ Thread.sleep();}catch(InterruptedExceptione){ e.printStackTrace();}threadPoolExecutor.execute(()->{ intj=1/0;});});}}

       新建一个只有一个线程的线程池,每隔0.1s提交一个任务,任务中是一个1/0的计算。

Exceptioninthread"customThread0"java.lang.ArithmeticException:/byzeroatthread.ThreadExecutor.lambda$null$0(ThreadExecutor.java:)atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:)atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:)atjava.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:)Exceptioninthread"customThread1"java.lang.ArithmeticException:/byzeroatthread.ThreadExecutor.lambda$null$0(ThreadExecutor.java:)atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:)atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:)atjava.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:)Exceptioninthread"customThread2"java.lang.ArithmeticException:/byzeroatthread.ThreadExecutor.lambda$null$0(ThreadExecutor.java:)atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:)atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:)atjava.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:)Exceptioninthread"customThread3"java.lang.ArithmeticException:/byzeroatthread.ThreadExecutor.lambda$null$0(ThreadExecutor.java:)atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:)atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:)atjava.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:)Exceptioninthread"customThread4"java.lang.ArithmeticException:/byzeroatthread.ThreadExecutor.lambda$null$0(ThreadExecutor.java:)atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:)atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:)atjava.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:)Exceptioninthread"customThread5"java.lang.ArithmeticException:/byzeroatthread.ThreadExecutor.lambda$null$0(ThreadExecutor.java:)atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:)atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:)atjava.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:)

       可见每次执行的线程都不一样,之前的线程都没有复用。原因是因为出现了未捕获的异常。

       我们把异常捕获试试:

publicclassThreadExecutor{ privateThreadPoolExecutorthreadPoolExecutor=newThreadPoolExecutor(1,1,,TimeUnit.SECONDS,newArrayBlockingQueue<>(),newThreadFactoryBuilder().setNameFormat("customThread%d").build());@Testpublicvoidtest(){ IntStream.rangeClosed(1,5).forEach(i->{ try{ Thread.sleep();}catch(InterruptedExceptione){ e.printStackTrace();}threadPoolExecutor.execute(()->{ try{ intj=1/0;}catch(Exceptione){ System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+""+e.getMessage());}});});}}customThread0/byzerocustomThread0/byzerocustomThread0/byzerocustomThread0/byzerocustomThread0/byzero

       可见当异常捕获了,线程就可以复用了。

问题来了,我们的代码中异常不可能全部捕获

       如果要捕获那些没被业务代码捕获的异常,可以设置Thread类的c# iocp 源码uncaughtExceptionHandler属性。这时使用ThreadFactoryBuilder会比较方便,ThreadFactoryBuilder是guava提供的ThreadFactory生成器。

newThreadFactoryBuilder().setNameFormat("customThread%d").setUncaughtExceptionHandler((t,e)->System.out.println(t.getName()+"发生异常"+e.getCause())).build()

       修改之后:

publicclassThreadExecutor{ privatestaticThreadPoolExecutorthreadPoolExecutor=newThreadPoolExecutor(1,1,,TimeUnit.SECONDS,newArrayBlockingQueue<>(),newThreadFactoryBuilder().setNameFormat("customThread%d").setUncaughtExceptionHandler((t,e)->System.out.println("UncaughtExceptionHandler捕获到:"+t.getName()+"发生异常"+e.getMessage())).build());@Testpublicvoidtest(){ IntStream.rangeClosed(1,5).forEach(i->{ try{ Thread.sleep();}catch(InterruptedExceptione){ e.printStackTrace();}threadPoolExecutor.execute(()->{ System.out.println("线程"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"执行");intj=1/0;});});}}线程customThread0执行UncaughtExceptionHandler捕获到:customThread0发生异常/byzero线程customThread1执行UncaughtExceptionHandler捕获到:customThread1发生异常/byzero线程customThread2执行UncaughtExceptionHandler捕获到:customThread2发生异常/byzero线程customThread3执行UncaughtExceptionHandler捕获到:customThread3发生异常/byzero线程customThread4执行UncaughtExceptionHandler捕获到:customThread4发生异常/byzero

       可见,结果并不是我们想象的那样,线程池中原有的线程没有复用!所以通过UncaughtExceptionHandler想将异常吞掉使线程复用这招貌似行不通。它只是做了一层异常的保底处理。

       将excute改成submit试试

publicclassThreadExecutor{ privatestaticThreadPoolExecutorthreadPoolExecutor=newThreadPoolExecutor(1,1,,TimeUnit.SECONDS,newArrayBlockingQueue<>(),newThreadFactoryBuilder().setNameFormat("customThread%d").setUncaughtExceptionHandler((t,e)->System.out.println("UncaughtExceptionHandler捕获到:"+t.getName()+"发生异常"+e.getMessage())).build());@Testpublicvoidtest(){ IntStream.rangeClosed(1,5).forEach(i->{ try{ Thread.sleep();}catch(InterruptedExceptione){ e.printStackTrace();}Future<?>future=threadPoolExecutor.submit(()->{ System.out.println("线程"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"执行");intj=1/0;});try{ future.get();}catch(InterruptedExceptione){ e.printStackTrace();}catch(ExecutionExceptione){ e.printStackTrace();}});}}线程customThread0执行java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException:java.lang.ArithmeticException:/byzero线程customThread0执行java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException:java.lang.ArithmeticException:/byzero线程customThread0执行java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException:java.lang.ArithmeticException:/byzero线程customThread0执行java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException:java.lang.ArithmeticException:/byzero线程customThread0执行java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException:java.lang.ArithmeticException:/byzero

       通过submit提交线程可以屏蔽线程中产生的异常,达到线程复用。当get()执行结果时异常才会抛出。

       原因是通过submit提交的线程,当发生异常时,会将异常保存,待future.get();时才会抛出。

       这是Futuretask的部分run()方法,看setException:

publicvoidrun(){ try{ Callable<V>c=callable;if(c!=null&&state==NEW){ Vresult;booleanran;try{ result=c.call();ran=true;}catch(Throwableex){ result=null;ran=false;setException(ex);}if(ran)set(result);}}}protectedvoidsetException(Throwablet){ if(UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this,stateOffset,NEW,COMPLETING)){ outcome=t;UNSAFE.putOrderedInt(this,stateOffset,EXCEPTIONAL);//finalstatefinishCompletion();}}

       将异常存在outcome对象中,没有抛出,再看get方法:

Exceptioninthread"customThread0"java.lang.ArithmeticException:/byzeroatthread.ThreadExecutor.lambda$null$0(ThreadExecutor.java:)atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:)atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:)atjava.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:)Exceptioninthread"customThread1"java.lang.ArithmeticException:/byzeroatthread.ThreadExecutor.lambda$null$0(ThreadExecutor.java:)atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:)atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:)atjava.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:)Exceptioninthread"customThread2"java.lang.ArithmeticException:/byzeroatthread.ThreadExecutor.lambda$null$0(ThreadExecutor.java:)atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:)atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:)atjava.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:)Exceptioninthread"customThread3"java.lang.ArithmeticException:/byzeroatthread.ThreadExecutor.lambda$null$0(ThreadExecutor.java:)atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:)atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:)atjava.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:)Exceptioninthread"customThread4"java.lang.ArithmeticException:/byzeroatthread.ThreadExecutor.lambda$null$0(ThreadExecutor.java:)atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:)atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:)atjava.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:)Exceptioninthread"customThread5"java.lang.ArithmeticException:/byzeroatthread.ThreadExecutor.lambda$null$0(ThreadExecutor.java:)atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:)atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:)atjava.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:)0

       当outcome是异常时才抛出。

总结

       1、线程池中线程中异常尽量手动捕获

       2、通过设置ThreadFactory的UncaughtExceptionHandler可以对未捕获的异常做保底处理,通过execute提交任务,线程依然会中断,而通过submit提交任务,可以获取线程执行结果,线程异常会在get执行结果时抛出。

       原文链接:pareAndSet()方法的返回结果。

       `unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, valueOffset, expect, update)`

       此方法中,参数`this`是Unsafe对象本身,用于获取value的内存偏移地址。`valueOffset`是value变量的内存偏移地址,`expect`是期望更新的值,`update`是要更新的最新值。如果原子变量中的value值等于`expect`,则使用`update`值更新该值并返回true,否则返回false。

       至于`valueOffset`的来源,这里提到value实际上是volatile关键字修饰的变量,以保证在多线程环境下的内存可见性。

       CAS的底层是Unsafe类。如何通过`Unsafe.getUnsafe()`方法获得Unsafe类的实例?这是因为AtomicInteger类在rt.jar包下,因此通过Bootstrap根类加载器加载。Unsafe类的具体实现可以在hotspot源码中找到,而unsafe.cpp中的C++代码不在本文详细分析范围内。对CAS实现感兴趣的读者可以自行查阅。

       CAS底层的Unsafe类在多处理器上运行时,为cmpxchg指令添加lock前缀(lock cmpxchg),在单处理器上则无需此步骤(单处理器自身维护单处理器内的顺序一致性)。这一机制确保了CAS操作的原子性。

       最后,同学们会发现CAS的操作与原子性密切相关。CPU如何实现原子性操作是一个深入的话题,有机会可以继续探索。欢迎在评论区讨论,避免出现BUG!点赞转发不脱发!