1.BP网络识别26个英文字母matlab
2.matlab BP神经网络的网络网络训练算法中训练函数（traingdm 、trainlm、源码原理trainbr）的网络网络实现过程及相应的VC源代码
3.区间预测 | Matlab实现BP-ABKDE的BP神经网络自适应带宽核密度估计多变量回归区间预测
4.用c语言编写RBF神经网络程序
5.Android.bp解析与使用看这篇就够了
BP网络识别26个英文字母matlab
字符识别在现代生活中广泛应用，包括车辆牌照识别、源码原理手写识别及办公自动化等。网络网络本文应用BP网络对个英文字母进行识别。源码原理选课管理系统源码首先，网络网络将每个字母数字化处理，源码原理使用7×5的网络网络方格表示，每个位置置1表示对应方格，源码原理其余置0。网络网络
程序调用步骤如下：复制M文件及字母图标至桌面。源码原理运行shibie.m，网络网络程序生成输入和目标向量后提示进行训练，源码原理点击回车开始训练，网络网络超强缠论主图指标公式源码训练结果如图1所示。接着，运行shibie2.m，输入图像编号如O的，程序将识别对应字母，以M为例输入，识别结果如图所示。
总结：基于BP算法的字母识别具有较高的容错性和识别率，在有噪声时，训练出错率相应增加。未来可进一步优化。
源码部分提供，完整源文件请下载查看。
matlab BP神经网络的四线抓牛指标公式源码训练算法中训练函数（traingdm 、trainlm、trainbr）的实现过程及相应的VC源代码
VC源代码？你很搞笑嘛。。
给你trainlm的m码
function [out1,out2] = trainlm(varargin)
%TRAINLM Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation.
%
% <a href="matlab:doc trainlm">trainlm</a> is a network training function that updates weight and
% bias states according to Levenberg-Marquardt optimization.
%
% <a href="matlab:doc trainlm">trainlm</a> is often the fastest backpropagation algorithm in the toolbox,
% and is highly recommended as a first choice supervised algorithm,
% although it does require more memory than other algorithms.
%
% [NET,TR] = <a href="matlab:doc trainlm">trainlm</a>(NET,X,T) takes a network NET, input data X
% and target data T and returns the network after training it, and a
% a training record TR.
%
% [NET,TR] = <a href="matlab:doc trainlm">trainlm</a>(NET,X,T,Xi,Ai,EW) takes additional optional
% arguments suitable for training dynamic networks and training with
% error weights. Xi and Ai are the initial input and layer delays states
% respectively and EW defines error weights used to indicate
% the relative importance of each target value.
%
% Training occurs according to training parameters, with default values.
% Any or all of these can be overridden with parameter name/value argument
% pairs appended to the input argument list, or by appending a structure
% argument with fields having one or more of these names.
% show Epochs between displays
% showCommandLine 0 generate command line output
% showWindow 1 show training GUI
% epochs Maximum number of epochs to train
% goal 0 Performance goal
% max_fail 5 Maximum validation failures
% min_grad 1e- Minimum performance gradient
% mu 0. Initial Mu
% mu_dec 0.1 Mu decrease factor
% mu_inc Mu increase factor
% mu_max 1e Maximum Mu
% time inf Maximum time to train in seconds
%
% To make this the default training function for a network, and view
% and/or change parameter settings, use these two properties:
%
% net.<a href="matlab:doc nnproperty.net_trainFcn">trainFcn</a> = 'trainlm';
% net.<a href="matlab:doc nnproperty.net_trainParam">trainParam</a>
%
% See also trainscg, feedforwardnet, narxnet.
% Mark Beale, --, ODJ //
% Updated by Orlando De Jes鷖, Martin Hagan, Dynamic Training 7--
% Copyright - The MathWorks, Inc.
% $Revision: 1.1.6..2.2 $ $Date: // :: $
%% =======================================================
% BOILERPLATE_START
% This code is the same for all Training Functions.
persistent INFO;
if isempty(INFO), INFO = get_info; end
nnassert.minargs(nargin,1);
in1 = varargin{ 1};
if ischar(in1)
switch (in1)
case 'info'
out1 = INFO;
case 'check_param'
nnassert.minargs(nargin,2);
param = varargin{ 2};
err = nntest.param(INFO.parameters,param);
if isempty(err)
err = check_param(param);
end
if nargout > 0
out1 = err;
elseif ~isempty(err)
nnerr.throw('Type',err);
end
otherwise,
try
out1 = eval(['INFO.' in1]);
catch me, nnerr.throw(['Unrecognized first argument: ''' in1 ''''])
end
end
return
end
nnassert.minargs(nargin,2);
net = nn.hints(nntype.network('format',in1,'NET'));
oldTrainFcn = net.trainFcn;
oldTrainParam = net.trainParam;
if ~strcmp(net.trainFcn,mfilename)
net.trainFcn = mfilename;
net.trainParam = INFO.defaultParam;
end
[args,param] = nnparam.extract_param(varargin(2:end),net.trainParam);
err = nntest.param(INFO.parameters,param);
if ~isempty(err), nnerr.throw(nnerr.value(err,'NET.trainParam')); end
if INFO.isSupervised && isempty(net.performFcn) % TODO - fill in MSE
nnerr.throw('Training function is supervised but NET.performFcn is undefined.');
end
if INFO.usesGradient && isempty(net.derivFcn) % TODO - fill in
nnerr.throw('Training function uses derivatives but NET.derivFcn is undefined.');
end
if net.hint.zeroDelay, nnerr.throw('NET contains a zero-delay loop.'); end
[X,T,Xi,Ai,EW] = nnmisc.defaults(args,{ },{ },{ },{ },{ 1});
X = nntype.data('format',X,'Inputs X');
T = nntype.data('format',T,'Targets T');
Xi = nntype.data('format',Xi,'Input states Xi');
Ai = nntype.data('format',Ai,'Layer states Ai');
EW = nntype.nndata_pos('format',EW,'Error weights EW');
% Prepare Data
[net,data,tr,~,err] = nntraining.setup(net,mfilename,X,Xi,Ai,T,EW);
if ~isempty(err), nnerr.throw('Args',err), end
% Train
net = struct(net);
fcns = nn.subfcns(net);
[net,tr] = train_network(net,tr,data,fcns,param);
tr = nntraining.tr_clip(tr);
if isfield(tr,'perf')
tr.best_perf = tr.perf(tr.best_epoch+1);
end
if isfield(tr,'vperf')
tr.best_vperf = tr.vperf(tr.best_epoch+1);
end
if isfield(tr,'tperf')
tr.best_tperf = tr.tperf(tr.best_epoch+1);
end
net.trainFcn = oldTrainFcn;
net.trainParam = oldTrainParam;
out1 = network(net);
out2 = tr;
end
% BOILERPLATE_END
%% =======================================================
% TODO - MU => MU_START
% TODO - alternate parameter names (i.e. MU for MU_START)
function info = get_info()
info = nnfcnTraining(mfilename,'Levenberg-Marquardt',7.0,true,true,...
[ ...
nnetParamInfo('showWindow','Show Training Window Feedback','nntype.bool_scalar',true,...
'Display training window during training.'), ...
nnetParamInfo('showCommandLine','Show Command Line Feedback','nntype.bool_scalar',false,...
'Generate command line output during training.'), ...
nnetParamInfo('show','Command Line Frequency','nntype.strict_pos_int_inf_scalar',,...
'Frequency to update command line.'), ...
...
nnetParamInfo('epochs','Maximum Epochs','nntype.pos_int_scalar',,...
'Maximum number of training iterations before training is stopped.'), ...
nnetParamInfo('time','Maximum Training Time','nntype.pos_inf_scalar',inf,...
'Maximum time in seconds before training is stopped.'), ...
...
nnetParamInfo('goal','Performance Goal','nntype.pos_scalar',0,...
'Performance goal.'), ...
nnetParamInfo('min_grad','Minimum Gradient','nntype.pos_scalar',1e-5,...
'Minimum performance gradient before training is stopped.'), ...
nnetParamInfo('max_fail','Maximum Validation Checks','nntype.strict_pos_int_scalar',6,...
'Maximum number of validation checks before training is stopped.'), ...
...
nnetParamInfo('mu','Mu','nntype.pos_scalar',0.,...
'Mu.'), ...
nnetParamInfo('mu_dec','Mu Decrease Ratio','nntype.real_0_to_1',0.1,...
'Ratio to decrease mu.'), ...
nnetParamInfo('mu_inc','Mu Increase Ratio','nntype.over1',,...
'Ratio to increase mu.'), ...
nnetParamInfo('mu_max','Maximum mu','nntype.strict_pos_scalar',1e,...
'Maximum mu before training is stopped.'), ...
], ...
[ ...
nntraining.state_info('gradient','Gradient','continuous','log') ...
nntraining.state_info('mu','Mu','continuous','log') ...
nntraining.state_info('val_fail','Validation Checks','discrete','linear') ...
]);
end
function err = check_param(param)
err = '';
end
function [net,tr] = train_network(net,tr,data,fcns,param)
% Checks
if isempty(net.performFcn)
warning('nnet:trainlm:Performance',nnwarning.empty_performfcn_corrected);
net.performFcn = 'mse';
net.performParam = mse('defaultParam');
tr.performFcn = net.performFcn;
tr.performParam = net.performParam;
end
if isempty(strmatch(net.performFcn,{ 'sse','mse'},'exact'))
warning('nnet:trainlm:Performance',nnwarning.nonjacobian_performfcn_replaced);
net.performFcn = 'mse';
net.performParam = mse('defaultParam');
tr.performFcn = net.performFcn;
tr.performParam = net.performParam;
end
% Initialize
startTime = clock;
original_net = net;
[perf,vperf,tperf,je,jj,gradient] = nntraining.perfs_jejj(net,data,fcns);
[best,val_fail] = nntraining.validation_start(net,perf,vperf);
WB = getwb(net);
lengthWB = length(WB);
ii = sparse(1:lengthWB,1:lengthWB,ones(1,lengthWB));
mu = param.mu;
% Training Record
tr.best_epoch = 0;
tr.goal = param.goal;
tr.states = { 'epoch','time','perf','vperf','tperf','mu','gradient','val_fail'};
% Status
status = ...
[ ...
nntraining.status('Epoch','iterations','linear','discrete',0,param.epochs,0), ...
nntraining.status('Time','seconds','linear','discrete',0,param.time,0), ...
nntraining.status('Performance','','log','continuous',perf,param.goal,perf) ...
nntraining.status('Gradient','','log','continuous',gradient,param.min_grad,gradient) ...
nntraining.status('Mu','','log','continuous',mu,param.mu_max,mu) ...
nntraining.status('Validation Checks','','linear','discrete',0,param.max_fail,0) ...
];
nn_train_feedback('start',net,status);
% Train
for epoch = 0:param.epochs
% Stopping Criteria
current_time = etime(clock,startTime);
[userStop,userCancel] = nntraintool('check');
if userStop, tr.stop = 'User stop.'; net = best.net;
elseif userCancel, tr.stop = 'User cancel.'; net = original_net;
elseif (perf <= param.goal), tr.stop = 'Performance goal met.'; net = best.net;
elseif (epoch == param.epochs), tr.stop = 'Maximum epoch reached.'; net = best.net;
elseif (current_time >= param.time), tr.stop = 'Maximum time elapsed.'; net = best.net;
elseif (gradient <= param.min_grad), tr.stop = 'Minimum gradient reached.'; net = best.net;
elseif (mu >= param.mu_max), tr.stop = 'Maximum MU reached.'; net = best.net;
elseif (val_fail >= param.max_fail), tr.stop = 'Validation stop.'; net = best.net;
end
% Feedback
tr = nntraining.tr_update(tr,[epoch current_time perf vperf tperf mu gradient val_fail]);
nn_train_feedback('update',net,status,tr,data, ...
[epoch,current_time,best.perf,gradient,mu,val_fail]);
% Stop
if ~isempty(tr.stop), break, end
% Levenberg Marquardt
while (mu <= param.mu_max)
% CHECK FOR SINGULAR MATRIX
[msgstr,msgid] = lastwarn;
lastwarn('MATLAB:nothing','MATLAB:nothing')
warnstate = warning('off','all');
dWB = -(jj+ii*mu) \ je;
[~,msgid1] = lastwarn;
flag_inv = isequal(msgid1,'MATLAB:nothing');
if flag_inv, lastwarn(msgstr,msgid); end;
warning(warnstate)
WB2 = WB + dWB;
net2 = setwb(net,WB2);
perf2 = nntraining.train_perf(net2,data,fcns);
% TODO - possible speed enhancement
% - retain intermediate variables for Memory Reduction = 1
if (perf2 < perf) && flag_inv
WB = WB2; net = net2;
mu = max(mu*param.mu_dec,1e-);
break
end
mu = mu * param.mu_inc;
end
% Validation
[perf,vperf,tperf,je,jj,gradient] = nntraining.perfs_jejj(net,data,fcns);
[best,tr,val_fail] = nntraining.validation(best,tr,val_fail,net,perf,vperf,epoch);
end
end
区间预测 | Matlab实现BP-ABKDE的BP神经网络自适应带宽核密度估计多变量回归区间预测
本文介绍了一种利用BP神经网络自适应带宽核密度估计进行多变量回归区间预测的方法，该方法在Matlab平台上实现，并提供完整的源代码和数据集，方便用户学习和应用。
在多变量回归分析中，预测结果常常伴随着不确定性，而区间预测能够提供预测值的可信区间，帮助决策者做出更加合理的决策。本文提出的BP神经网络自适应带宽核密度估计方法，能够有效解决多变量回归中的不确定性问题。通过自适应调整带宽参数，棋牌游戏服务器源码php该方法能更准确地估计核密度，从而提高预测的精度。
实现该方法的Matlab代码支持点预测、概率预测和核密度估计，覆盖了预测分析的主要方面。适用于多变量单输出的预测任务，提供多种置信区间，包括常见的R2、MAE、RMSE、MAPE、区间覆盖率（PICP）和区间平均宽度百分比（PINAW）评价指标，帮助用户评估预测结果的准确性和可靠性。
该方法改进了固定带宽核函数，改良版倍量阴公式源码使其更具适应性和灵活性，提高了预测性能。代码实现简洁明了，参数化编程使得用户可以根据需要方便地调整参数，代码结构清晰，注释详尽，适合各个水平的用户学习和使用。直接替换Excel数据即可运行，一键生成预测结果和图表，提供直观的分析结果。
总结，本文提出的BP神经网络自适应带宽核密度估计多变量回归区间预测方法，不仅提供了强大的预测功能，还简化了实现过程，极大地降低了学习和应用的门槛。适用于各种多变量回归预测任务，特别适用于需要考虑预测不确定性的场景。
用c语言编写RBF神经网络程序
RBF网络能够逼近任意的非线性函数，可以处理系统内的难以解析的规律性，具有良好的泛化能力，并有很快的学习收敛速度，已成功应用于非线性函数逼近、时间序列分析、数据分类、模式识别、信息处理、图像处理、系统建模、控制和故障诊断等。简单说明一下为什么RBF网络学习收敛得比较快。当网络的一个或多个可调参数（权值或阈值）对任何一个输出都有影响时，这样的网络称为全局逼近网络。由于对于每次输入，网络上的每一个权值都要调整，从而导致全局逼近网络的学习速度很慢。BP网络就是一个典型的例子。
如果对于输入空间的某个局部区域只有少数几个连接权值影响输出，则该网络称为局部逼近网络。常见的局部逼近网络有RBF网络、小脑模型（CMAC）网络、B样条网络等。
附件是RBF神经网络的C++源码。
Android.bp解析与使用看这篇就够了
Android.bp解析与使用看这篇就够了
争取每一篇文章都是精华，后期维护确保文章质量。Android.bp配置文件提供更高效的并发编译能力，取代了Android.mk方式。
Android.bp与Android.mk的区别在于，前者为纯配置文件，支持条件判断宏定义，而后者则包含流程控制。Android.bp最终将生成Ninja格式文件以进行编译。
Android.mk可转换为Android.bp，通过Soong中的androidmk命令实现，但若包含分支、循环等流程控制，则需手动转换。
Android.mk自动转换Android.bp的步骤如下：将Android.mk文件放置到指定目录，执行androidmk命令生成Android.bp文件。
Android.mk手动转换Android.bp时，需参照mk与bp映射表进行变量名对应。
Android.bp详细解析：介绍常用库函数、编译不同类型的模块、文件路径、库依赖、安装到不同分区、编译参数等。
Android.bp案例实战：项目目录结构说明，包括引入aar、编译APK、引入so库等实践操作。
AOSP编译错误汇总：整理重要注意事项、错误原因及解决方法，如Android.mk与Android.bp的引用限制、类型不匹配、依赖问题等。
Android.mk与Android.bp对应关系：列出Android源码下的对应关系，便于快速查找和理解。
致谢与引用：感谢文章参考者和推荐系列文章，尊重版权，鼓励技术分享。
